Freedom Fighters - J

Jaidev Kapoor

Indian revolutionary (1908–1994)

Jaidev Kapoor was an Indian revolutionary who worked for the Hindustan Republican Association along with Chandra Shekhar Azad and Bhagat Singh. As a teenager, he was interested to join the HRA and later, he met Azad and became a comrade of Singh.

Jai Hind

Salutation used to express patriotism in India

Jai Hind is a salutation and slogan that means "Hail India", "Long live India", or literally "Victory [for] India" as originally coined by Chempakaraman Pillai. Used during India's independence movement from British rule, it emerged as a battle cry and in political speeches. The phrase reached a new level of popularity when under Netaji Subhas Chandra Bose it was adopted as an official slogan of the Indian National Army.

Jallianwala Bagh massacre

1919 British Army massacre of Indian protesters

The Jallianwala Bagh massacre, also known as the Amritsar massacre, took place on 13 April 1919. A large crowd had gathered at the Jallianwala Bagh in Amritsar, Punjab, British India, during the annual Baisakhi fair to protest against the Rowlatt Act and the arrest of pro-Indian independence activists Saifuddin Kitchlew and Satyapal. In response to the public gathering, Brigadier-General Reginald Dyer surrounded the people with Gurkha of Nepalese origin and Sikh infantrymen of the Indian Army. The Jallianwala Bagh could only be exited on one side, as its other three sides were enclosed by buildings. After blocking the exit with his troops, Dyer ordered them to shoot at the crowd, continuing to fire even as the protestors tried to flee. The troops kept on firing until their ammunition was low and they were ordered to stop. Estimates of those killed vary from 379 to 1,500 or more people; over 1,200 others were injured, of whom 192 sustained serious injury. Britain has never formally apologised for the massacre, but expressed deep "regret" in 2019.

Jamaat Ali Shah

Religious leader (1834-1951)

Pir Syed Jamaat Ali Shah was a Pakistani author, Islamic scholar and Sufi saint of the Naqshbandi Order. He presided over the All India Sunni Conference and led the Movement for Shaheed Ganj Mosque. He was a contemporary of Ahmed Raza Khan Barelvi, the founder of Barelvi movement.

Jamal al-Din al-Afghani

Political activist and Islamic ideologist (1838/1839–1897)

Sayyid Jamāl al-Dīn al-Afghānī, also known as Jamāl ad-Dīn Asadābādī and commonly known as Al-Afghani, was a political activist and Islamic ideologist who travelled throughout the Muslim world during the late 19th century. He is one of the founders of Islamic Modernism as well as an advocate of Pan-Islamic unity in India against the British.

Jamshedpur Gopeshwar

Indian trade unionist and politician

Jamshedpur Gopeshwar, usually known simply as Gopeshwar, was an Indian trade unionist and politician.

Janaky Athi Nahappan

Founding member:Malaysian Indian Congress (1925–2014)

Janaky, better known as Janaky Athi Nahappan, was a Malayan politician and activist who was founding member of the Malaysian Indian Congress and one of the earliest women involved in the fight for Malaysian independence.

Jangal Santhal

Indian politician (1925–1988)

Jangal Santhal, also known as Jangal Santal was an Indian political activist.

Jang-e-Azadi Memorial

Museum in Punjab, India

Jang-e-Azadi Memorial is a memorial and museum in Kartarpur town in Jalandhar district of Punjab, India, in memory of contribution and sacrifices made by the Punjabi community in Indian independence movement. The memorial was built over an area of 25 acres at the cost of ₹300 crore.

Japanese occupation of the Andaman and Nicobar Islands

1942–45 period during World War II

The Japanese occupation of the Andaman and Nicobar Islands occurred in 1942 during World War II. The Andaman and Nicobar Islands, are a group of islands situated in the Bay of Bengal at about 1,250 km (780 mi) from Kolkata, 1,200 km (750 mi) from Chennai and 190 km (120 mi) from Cape of Nargis in Burma. Until 1938 the British government used them as a penal colony for Indian and African political prisoners, who were mainly put in the notorious Cellular Jail in Port Blair, the biggest town (port) on the islands. Today they form a Union Territory of India.

Jawaharlal Nehru

Prime Minister of India from 1947 to 1964

Jawaharlal Nehru was an Indian anti-colonial nationalist, secular humanist, social democrat, and statesman who was a central figure in India during the middle of the 20th century. Nehru was a principal leader of the Indian nationalist movement in the 1930s and 1940s. Upon India's independence in 1947, he served as the country's first prime minister for 16 years. Nehru promoted parliamentary democracy, secularism, and science and technology during the 1950s, powerfully influencing India's arc as a modern nation. In international affairs, he steered India clear of the two blocs of the Cold War. A well-regarded author, he wrote books such as Letters from a Father to His Daughter (1929), An Autobiography (1936) and The Discovery of India (1946), that have been read around the world.

Jaynath Pati

Indian Freedom Fighter and Magahi novelist

Jayanath Pati (1890–1939) was an Indian freedom fighter and novelist who wrote in Magahi. He was a prominent scholar on Indian history and culture. He wrote Sunita the first novel in the Magahi language.

Jodha Singh Ataiya

Thakur Jodha Singh Ataiya was an Indian zamindar and revolutionary from Rasulpur village in Fatehpur district, Uttar Pradesh. He played a pivotal role in the Indian Rebellion of 1857 by organising armed resistance against British colonial forces. He led the seizure of the Fatehpur treasury, engaged in guerrilla warfare, and became a prominent freedom fighter in north-central India before being executed by British forces during the Bawani Imli massacre.

John Thivy

Malayan politician and lawyer (1904-1959)

John Thivy was a Malayan politician and lawyer who was the founding president of the Malayan Indian Congress.

Joymoti Konwari

Indian princess

Joymoti Konwari was the wife of Ahom prince Gadapani. She died at the hands of the royalists under Sulikphaa Loraa Roja without disclosing her exiled husband Gadapani's whereabouts in the Naga Hills, thereby enabling her husband to rise in revolt and assume kingship.

Jyotirao Phule

Indian social activist and reformer (1827–1890)

Jyotirao Phule, also known as Jyotiba Phule, was an Indian social activist, businessman, anti-caste social reformer and writer from Maharashtra.